螺柱焊接技术的发展趋势
The development trend of stud welding technology
螺柱焊接技术的今后发展趋势主要是扩大应用范围、提高螺柱焊接自动化水平和焊接设备的更新换代。其中硬件的发展是关键，即将晶闸管控制的焊接电源升级为逆变式焊接电源。
Stud welding technology of the future development trend is mainly to expand application scope, improve the level of stud welding automation and the upgrading of welding equipment. The hardware is the key to the development of the thyristor controlled welding power supply upgrade for inverter welding power source.
目前逆变使用的开关元件有快速晶闸管和IGBT两种。前者的逆变频率较低，几kHZ，但输出功率较大；后者频率较高，十几kHZ，但输出功率较低。
The inverter using switch element has two kinds of fast thyristor and IGBT. The inverter frequency is low, a few kHZ, but the output power is larger; The latter frequency is higher, more than 10 kHZ, but the output power is low.
从电源的动特性、体积重量等方面考虑，IGBT应该是发展方向。目前已投入使用的逆变式螺柱焊接电源的输出电流约1000A，可焊φ12mm的螺柱，主要应用在汽车行业。
From the dynamic characteristic of power source, volume weight into consideration, such as IGBT should be the development direction. Has been put into use the inverter type stud welding power source of the output current of 1000 a, weldable phi 12 mm stud, mainly used in the automotive industry.
至于焊枪的发展方向，则是电子控制。目前国内外焊枪大多是通过弹簧的伸缩来控制螺柱的升降，其可控性是相当有限的。
As for the development direction of welding torch, is the electronic control. Welding torch is mostly through the spring scale at home and abroad to control the rise and fall of stud, the controllability is quite limited.
如果采用步进电机或伺服电机控制，就可按工艺要求精确地控制螺柱的运动，焊接质量更能得到保证。特别是桥梁维修所需的大直径超长的异型棒状焊钉的平焊、横焊和仰焊，则非使用这种先进的焊枪不可。事实上，有些国家已研制成功这种焊枪，并已应用到焊接工程上。
If the step motor or servo motor control, can according to the technological requirements accurately control the movement of the stud, welding quality is more guarantee. Especially the large diameter of bridge maintenance required long nail of flat welding rod welding, transverse welding and welding, is to use the advanced welding torch. In fact, some countries have developed this kind of welding torch, which has been applied to the welding engineering.